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WWII On This Day: December 21

What happened on December 21 during World War II? This date brings together 3 events from 1942 and 1944, with period photographs and links to the full operations documented across WW2 Theatres.

1942
Red Army soldiers carrying a Soviet flag through the ruins of Stalingrad in 1943.
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R76619 · CC BY-SA 3.0 DE · Source
Battle of Stalingrad

The breakout plan remains conditional as fuel runs down

Army Group Don and Sixth Army staffs discussed a breakout toward the relief force while the latter stood on the Myshkova. Manstein’s concept required Sixth Army to strike southwest once the relief operation created a favourable moment, but the army still had orders to retain Stalingrad and could not simply evacuate the pocket on its own authority. Paulus and his staff reported that available fuel was insufficient for a prolonged movement of the whole army. Preparing a breakout also meant deciding what to do with thousands of wounded men, vehicles…

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1944
Belgian civilians evacuating Bastogne during the Ardennes fighting; a campaign-context image rather than an exact-hour battlefield photograph.
Belgian civilians evacuating Bastogne during the Ardennes fighting; a campaign-context image rather than an exact-hour battlefield photograph. U.S. Army Signal Corps · NARA 292623 · Public domain Source
The Battle of the Bulge

Bastogne is surrounded

By 21 December German forces had cut the principal roads into Bastogne and the American position was encircled. The perimeter included the 101st Airborne, armour, artillery, engineers and other units gathered during the retreat. Supply was becoming the critical constraint. Artillery ammunition, medical capacity and some food stocks were limited, while bad weather prevented the reliable air supply planners hoped to use. Civilians remained in cellars and shelters inside a town increasingly subjected to artillery and air attack. Encirclement did not mean that the entire German offensive stopped at Bastogne.…

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Men of the 101st Airborne Division moving toward Bastogne on 19 December 1944 as Allied reserves enter the Ardennes battle.
101st Airborne Division on the road between Bastogne and Houffalize, 19 December 1944 · US Army Signal Corps SC 329953 · NARA · Public domain · Source
The Battle of the Bulge

The St Vith salient is abandoned

With German forces around the flanks and the routes west narrowing, the American command authorised withdrawal from the St Vith salient. The defenders had already held the road centre several days beyond the German timetable. The withdrawal was difficult because the same roads needed for retreat carried artillery, armour, wounded men and supply columns. Units crossed the Salm under pressure while engineers destroyed crossings behind them. Giving up St Vith was therefore not the failure of its defence. The position had already performed its operational function by forcing Fifth Panzer…

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