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WWII On This Day: December 20

What happened on December 20 during World War II? This date brings together 2 events from 1941 and 1944, with period photographs and links to the full operations documented across WW2 Theatres.

1941
Chinese soldiers defending positions during the Battle of Shanghai, 1937.
Chinese defenders during the Battle of Shanghai, 1937 · Public domain · Photograph pending verification
The Second Sino-Japanese War

The Flying Tigers' first combat

Claire Chennault's American Volunteer Group, recruited and equipped before Pearl Harbor under a covert arrangement with President Roosevelt but not yet in combat when the United States entered the war, flew its first mission against Japanese bombers approaching Kunming, downing several with no losses of its own. Flying Curtiss P-40s marked with the shark-mouth nose art borrowed from a British squadron in North Africa, the group was credited with close to 300 Japanese aircraft destroyed for the loss of about a dozen of its own pilots in combat before being…

1944
Men of the 101st Airborne Division moving toward Bastogne on 19 December 1944 as Allied reserves enter the Ardennes battle.
101st Airborne Division on the road between Bastogne and Houffalize, 19 December 1944 · US Army Signal Corps SC 329953 · NARA · Public domain · Source
The Battle of the Bulge

Montgomery takes the northern half

By 20 December the German penetration had disrupted Bradley's direct communications with First and Ninth Armies north of the salient. Eisenhower temporarily placed those armies under Montgomery's 21st Army Group so that one headquarters could control the northern battle. The transfer was operational rather than national. Montgomery reorganised the northern line, coordinated available reserves and prepared the eventual counterattack while American army and corps commanders continued to direct the fighting on the ground. Later public controversy, especially Montgomery's January press conference, obscured the immediate problem the command change solved. The…

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