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WWII On This Day: March 22

What happened on March 22 during World War II? This date brings together 2 events from 1943 and 1945, with period photographs and links to the full operations documented across WW2 Theatres.

1943
German administrative report dated 5 April 1943 recording the destruction of Khatyn on 22 March and a provisional figure of 90 inhabitants killed.
German administrative report dated 5 April 1943 recording the destruction of Khatyn on 22 March and a provisional figure of 90 inhabitants killed. National Archives of the Republic of Belarus · Public domain (official document) Source
Reprisal and Massacre

Khatyn becomes one village in a much wider destruction campaign

On 22 March 1943 German-led security forces surrounded Khatyn after partisan activity in the area. The inhabitants were forced into a building that was set on fire; people attempting to escape were shot. Khatyn later became the memorial symbol for a far wider pattern of village destruction in occupied Belarus. The national record distinguishes communities burned with inhabitants from villages destroyed under other circumstances, preserving the difference between one massacre and the broader landscape of occupation violence. The event illustrates the logic of anti-partisan warfare in which the civilian settlement…

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1945
Men of the 2nd Infantry Regiment, 5th Infantry Division board an LCVP at Nierstein, 23 March 1945.
Men of the 2nd Infantry Regiment, 5th Infantry Division board an LCVP at Nierstein, 23 March 1945. U.S. Army Signal Corps SC 203352 · Public domain Source
The Rhine Crossings

Patton crosses at Oppenheim without a barrage

The 5th Infantry Division crossed in assault boats at Nierstein and Oppenheim at night, with no preliminary artillery preparation, airborne support or smoke. Thirteen artillery battalions were ready to fire, but Third Army relied on darkness and surprise against a bank that Seventh Army held thinly. MacDonald records 20 casualties in the 11th Infantry during the assault crossing. By morning additional infantry and U.S. Navy landing craft were moving through the bridgehead while engineers prepared crossings for heavier traffic.

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