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WWII On This Day: February 20

What happened on February 20 during World War II? This date brings together 5 events from 1942, 1944 and 1945, with period photographs and links to the full operations documented across WW2 Theatres.

1942
Civilians in Artemivsk, occupied Ukraine, wait to be examined before deportation to Germany for forced labour, May 1942.
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B19880 / Knödler · CC BY-SA 3.0 DE
Nazi Forced Labour

The Ostarbeiter decrees fix the status of Soviet workers

The decrees of 20 February 1942 governed the use of workers from the Soviet Union in Germany. They wore a badge reading OST, lived in special camps fenced with barbed wire and kept under guard, and received worse food rations than the other groups of foreign workers. More than half of the Soviet workers were women. The decrees were issued a month before Sauckel's appointment and prepared the large deportations of that year.

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Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival and the British surrender party walking to the Ford Motor Factory in Singapore on 15 February 1942.
British official photographer / Imperial War Museums HU 2781 · UK Government public domain · Source
The Fall of the Southern Empires

Japan Invades Timor

Japanese forces landed on Timor on 20 February, attacking both the Dutch and Portuguese parts of the island and the Allied forces that had moved there to protect the air route north of Australia. The landing widened the southern edge of the Japanese advance just after Darwin had been bombed. For the Allies, Timor had value as an airfield and staging position linking Australia to the East Indies. Its loss did not end resistance on the island, but it further reduced the number of forward bases through which Java could…

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1944
AGO Flugzeugwerke at Oschersleben under attack on 20 February 1944, the opening day of Big Week.
AGO Flugzeugwerke at Oschersleben under attack on 20 February 1944, the opening day of Big Week. U.S. Air Force photo 342-FH-3A22203-69508AC / National Archives, NAID 204906481 · Public domain in the United States Source
The Combined Bomber Offensive

Big Week begins

The Eighth Air Force opened six days of concentrated attacks against aircraft factories, supported by escort fighters and joined by the Fifteenth Air Force and RAF attacks. The bombing forced dispersal and interrupted output. The sustained air battles and fighter losses were at least as important as the physical damage to factories.

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AGO Flugzeugwerke at Oschersleben under attack on 20 February 1944, one of the aircraft-industry targets struck on Big Week's opening day.
AGO Flugzeugwerke at Oschersleben under attack on 20 February 1944, one of the aircraft-industry targets struck on Big Week's opening day. U.S. Air Force photo 342-FH-3A22203-69508AC / National Archives, NAID 204906481 · Public domain in the United States Source
Big Week and Air Superiority

Argument opens with the Eighth's first thousand-bomber dispatch

On 20 February Eighth Air Force dispatched just over a thousand heavy bombers against aircraft-industry targets across Germany, supported by more than eight hundred fighters. Oschersleben, Leipzig, Bernburg and other centres were attacked through weather that had made the launch decision difficult. The industrial objective was direct: damage assembly plants, components and the infrastructure that sustained fighter production. The operation also forced the Luftwaffe to decide whether and where to intercept a bomber force whose escorts could now penetrate far beyond the 1943 fighter boundary. Twenty-one Eighth Air Force heavy…

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1945
Waves of United States Marine Corps amphibious tractors approaching the smoke-covered landing beaches of Iwo Jima in February 1945, with Mount Suribachi in the distance.
Archives Branch, USMC History Division / Thayer Soule Collection COLL/2266 · CC BY 2.0
Iwo Jima

The 28th Marines attack Mount Suribachi

On 20 February the 28th Marines under Colonel Harry Liversedge jumped off at 08:30 against Suribachi, the volcanic cone at the southern tip of the island that the Navy called Point Hotrocks. Tanks joined at 11:00, and the attack halted at 17:00 after advancing about 200 yards, at a cost of 2 officers and 27 men killed and 6 officers and 127 wounded. About 1,300 army and 640 navy troops were committed to the Suribachi area, a semi-independent sector with more than 1,000 caves. On 21 February a 40-aircraft strike…

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